List Of Sura's

Al-Baqarah (The Cow)

2-20

Same to Verse No. 19

2-21

Allah (SWT) created us and those before us, He made the earth suitable for us to live there in and the sky a guarded structure above us (Chapter: 41, Verse 12). He causes the rain to fall from the sky and thereby provides us with water to drink and food to eat, without which we would die. In view of this we are required to serve(worship) only Him and not to set up equals for Him, serving (worshipping), loving and praying to them as we should serve (worship), love and pray to Him. We should not consider anything or anyone as a partner of Allah (SWT), diluting His supremacy as ‘God’. We should exhibit undivided loyalty to Him, We should not raise objects from His creation to the level of His equals because no one is equal to Him (Chapter 112) and everything other than Him is His creation. We should serve (worship) Him alone (Chapter 1: Verse 4) and thereby save ourselves from His punishment. If we serve (worship) something or someone other than Him and set up equals to Him thereby ascribing partners unto Him we will be punished because of the undivided loyalty amounting to polytheism. (Chapter 4: Verse 48)

Verses 1 – 22 Have helped us in defining
1. Mutaqeen–those who restrain themselves from sin fearing Allah (SWT)
2. Momineen–believers
3. Muslimeen–those who submit and practically implement the orders of Allah (SWT) and His messenger (PBH)
4. Munafiqeen–hypocrites.
5. Kafireen–the infidels and
6. Mushrikeen–the polytheists.

2-22

Same to Verse No. 21

2-23

If the infidels are correct in their doubt that the Quran was not revealed by Allah (SWT) and it is the product of Prophet Muhammed’s (PBH) mind, i.e. if they think that any human being can be an author of such a voluminous book containing truth and just the truth about practically everything in the creation, then they are challenged to produce just a single chapter resembling one of the chapters of the Quran, and for the production of even such a small portion of the book they are permitted to call all those who can be present to help them besides Allah (SWT). The Quran contains facts about Allah (SWT), His Attributes, His creation, history, politics, economics, natural sciences, religion, life after death, paradise, hell etc. whatever is mentioned in the Quran is correct and final because the Author of this book is Allah (SWT) whose knowledge is perfect compared to human knowledge which is not only imperfect but also insignificantly less. Human beings cannot produce a book dealing with such a variety of subjects containing perfect information in the form of a final verdict, they cannot even produce a single chapter resembling that of the Quran (Chapter: 10 Verse 38, Chapter: 11 Verse 13, Chapter: 17 Verse 88, Chapter: 52 Verse 34). Consequently, because of their doubting the Divine origin of the Quran, the infidels are warned that they will have to guard themselves against a fire, the temperature of which will be so high that men and stones will be its fuel and which will specifically be prepared for punishing them for their infidelity. It is quite possible that the stones mentioned in this verse might be containing radio active minerals releasing tremendous amount of energy which will burn the infidels.

2-24

Same to Verse No. 23

2-25

And convey the good news to those who believe and do righteous works, that for them there will be gardens (Paradise) beneath which rivers flow, whenever they will be fed from them with fruits as food, they will say, “”This is that which was provided to us before,”” and they will be given the like of it, and for them there will be pure mates (spouses) therein and therein they shall stay.

Good news of paradise is given to the believers who put into practice their beliefs laid down in the Quran. The pleasant environment of paradise appears to be that of a picnic, gardens, rivers, delicious food resembling that which was provided in this world, beautiful and matching mates with no internal or external impurity or defect and permanence in these conditions. In this life, too we like and strive for a comfortable habitation, delicious food, beautiful and accommodative mates etc., and permanence in these conditions. This urge of permanent enjoyment appears to be fulfilled only in the life after death and that too for those who believe and obey the orders of Allah Taala given in the Quran in accordance with the teachings of Prophet Muhammed (PBH).

2-26

Allah is certainly not ashamed to set forth the similitude of a fly or something above that, then as for those who believe they know that it is the truth from their Fosterer and as for those who do not believe, they say, “”What is it that Allah intends by this similitude?”” He misleads many with it and He guides many with it, but He does not mislead anyone with it except the transgressors (Those who exceed the limits – fasiqeen),

We have not seen paradise and something which has not been seen or experienced has to be described in terms used for similar, analogues or comparable things which we have seen or experienced, so that we could at least partially visualize the real conditions. This is confirmed through Verse 35 of Chapter: 13 and Verse 15 of Chapter: 47 where the description of paradise is preceded by the sentence, “A similitude/likeness (Masal) of the garden (paradise)…”. The items of paradise are thus described in terms used for items which bear a resemblance or likeness to those on earth. Allah (SWT) states that He does not feel shy to set forth any similitude to describe paradise or to explain any other issue, even that of a fly which we consider as an insignificant thing. Believers accept the items explained through a similitude as the truth from Allah (SWT), but the infidels question the intention of Allah (SWT) in setting forth such a similitude, probably due to their disbelief in life after death, accountability therein for our beliefs and actions in this world and the consequent reward in paradise and punishment in hell. Allah (SWT) guides the believers towards the path leading to paradise and misleads the transgressors (Fasiqeen). These transgressors are probably those who break their agreement with Allah (SWT), of accepting Him as their Fosterer, referred to in verses: 172 to 174 of Chapter: 7., they also disobey Him and cause corruption in the earth, which is opposite of righteousness (Chapter: 26 Verse 152), consequently they are the losers, having lost paradise.

2-27

We have not seen paradise and something which has not been seen or experienced has to be described in terms used for similar, analogues or comparable things which we have seen or experienced, so that we could at least partially visualize the real conditions. This is confirmed through Verse 35 of Chapter: 13 and Verse 15 of Chapter: 47 where the description of paradise is preceded by the sentence, “A similitude/likeness (Masal) of the garden (paradise)…”. The items of paradise are thus described in terms used for items which bear a resemblance or likeness to those on earth. Allah (SWT) states that He does not feel shy to set forth any similitude to describe paradise or to explain any other issue, even that of a fly which we consider as an insignificant thing. Believers accept the items explained through a similitude as the truth from Allah (SWT), but the infidels question the intention of Allah (SWT) in setting forth such a similitude, probably due to their disbelief in life after death, accountability therein for our beliefs and actions in this world and the consequent reward in paradise and punishment in hell. Allah (SWT) guides the believers towards the path leading to paradise and misleads the transgressors (Fasiqeen). These transgressors are probably those who break their agreement with Allah (SWT), of accepting Him as their Fosterer, referred to in verses: 172 to 174 of Chapter: 7., they also disobey Him and cause corruption in the earth, which is opposite of righteousness (Chapter: 26 Verse 152), consequently they are the losers, having lost paradise.

2-28

How is it, that you do not believe in Allah, when you were dead then He gave you life, then He will cause you to die then bring you to life again, then to Him you will return?

” How is it that people do not believe in the existence and powers of Allah (SWT) when He it is Who has brought them into the state of’being’from a state of’death’, granting them life and consciousness which are responsible for all their beliefs and actions. He it is Who causes them to die by taking away their life and consciousness which results in the decay, decomposition and disintegration of the physical body. In birth and death, the consent of no one else is involved. Then it is He Alone Who will bring them back to life probably by ordering the life and consciousness associated with them in this world to enter their respective physical bodies resurrected by Him, as hinted through the following verse of the Quran: ‘And when the ‘Anfus’(souls) are paired (probably with their respective bodies)” Chapter: 81 Verse 7. Thus, the psychical personality too will again start functioning through the physical body from the day of resurrection onwards.”

2-29

He it is Who has created for you, all that is in the earth. Moreover He set the balance towards the sky, then He balanced them (into)seven skies (higher levels) {3} and He is the Knower of everything (Omniscient). (R 3)

” Allah (SWT) not only created us, but also created everything on earth for us. Besides, to make the earth suitable for our habitation He suspended it in space, making it rotate around its axis and revolve around the sun so as to give rise to the alternation of the day and the night and changes in seasons etc. which are essential for our life. To keep the earth suspended in space, rotating and revolving He set the balance in the whole Universe probably by organizing it into the following seven systems or higher levels.
1. The movement of the satellite (moon) around the planet (earth). Without the moon, we would have 8 hours’ day and an year of 1095 days. Would we be alive under such conditions? 2. The rotation of the planets (earth) about their own axis causing day and night and providing a measure of time.
3. The revolution of the planets (earth) around a star (sun) providing seasonal changes and data for calendars.
4. The rotation of the star (sun) about its own axis.
5. The revolution of the star (sun with its family of planets and their satellites) about the common center of gravity of the galaxy (The Milky way) balancing the planetary system.
6. The mutual movement of the galaxies within a local group of galaxies, providing stability to the Milky way and.
7. The outward movement of the groups of galaxies in all directions (The Expanding Universe) providing stability to the whole Universe by balancing the internal gravitational pull tending to collapse the universe. The whole arrangement is to make human life possible on the earth. (Chapter: 31 Verse 20). Allah (SWT) has done all this because He knows everything.”
Structure of the Universe

Solar System:

The earth, on which we live, is one of the Millions of celestial bodies which float in space. It is a member of the solar system which consists of the sun, nine planets and their satellites. All planets revolve around the sun in nearly circular orbits and ail these orbits lie in nearly the same plane. The sun rotates in the direction of the planets. All planets rotate about their respective axes. the period of rotation of each being different. The speed at which each planet revolves around the sun is also different. The nine planets are at various distances from the sun. The earth which is third in position from the sun is 93 Million miles from it and the furthest planet Pluto is about 3,600 Million miles away from the sun. The sun, planets and their satellites freely suspended, float in space. A rotational motion keeps the individual members of the system in equilibrium against the gravitational force of attraction of the sun. Gravitation counteracts the centrifugal force of orbital motion. These two forces are in equilibrium.

The Earth:

The earth, a rocky globe 8,000 miles in diameter completes one rotation about its axis in 23 hours and 56 minutes. Due to this rotation, when one half faces the sun, the opposite half is in darkness, giving rise to the alternation of day and night. The earth takes 365 days 6 hours 46 minutes and 48 seconds i.e. one year for one complete revolution around the sun. The axis of the earth is inclined 23 ½ degrees towards the plane of its orbit. This inclination of the axis is the well-known cause of changes in sea­son.

The Moon:

A satellite is comparatively a small celestial body circulating around a planet. Moon is the satellite of the earth. It revolves around the earth and also rotates about its axis in 28 days with respect to the earth and 29 ½ days with respect to the sun. The moon is 2,000 miles in diameter and is about 250,000 miles away from the earth. Moonlight is reflected sunlight.

The sun and the moon, in addition to serving many other purposes, have served as a clock and a calendar. In fact, all clocks and calendars have been geared to these members of the solar system.

The Sun and the Stars: The sun is a typical self-luminous star, composed chiefly of hydrogen and helium. It is about 865,000 miles in diameter and 330,000 times heavier than the earth. Its central temperature is 20 to 30 Million degrees centigrade. The sun’s fuel is hydrogen which is gradually converted to helium. The heat and light of the sun are made to maintain life on the earth. The sun is not unique but one of the billions and billions of similar stars. There are something about 200 Million, Million, Million stars in that part of the universe which is visible through our most powerful telescopes. Each of these stars, like our own sun, is a source of energy radiating heat and light. They vary in size from bodies smaller than the earth to bodies larger than the whole solar system i.e. 3,600 Million miles.

Stars have been of great use to navigators and traveler’s in locating their position on earth. At night navigators in the northern hemisphere use the north star, while ships in the southern hemisphere use other stars for determining their latitude.

The Galaxies:

The stars are not uniformly distributed throughout the space of the universe, but are grouped together in clusters which are called galaxies. Galaxies populate the observable portion of the universe with more or less homogeneous and isotropic distribution.

Galaxies are separate systems of stars each containing on an average 100,000,000,000 stars and ranging in diameter from 1,500 to 300,000 light years. (One light year is the distance travelled by light in one year at the speed of about 186,000 miles per second.) Galaxies exist in various shapes and sizes. The solar system is situated in a galaxy known as the Milky Way. This galaxy of ours has the form of a great disc or wheel with a marked central thickening at the hub. It contains about 100 billion stars, of which our own sun is but one small insignificant member. The nearest star to our sun is about 25 Million Million miles away and the nearest galaxy to our galaxy is about 400,000 times further away than this. The thickness of bur galaxy is from 5,000 to 15,000 light years from edge to edge. In our galaxy, the sun with the solar system is situated about 3/5th of the way out from the center. Almost on the central plane. The whole system is rotating in such a manner that the sun with the planets completes one revolution around the common center of gravity of the galaxy in about 200 Million years. The sun with its planets travels nearly at 200 miles per second to complete its cycle.

Clusters of Galaxies:

The destruction of galaxies in space shows a definite tendency of galaxies to cluster. Our galaxy is at one edge of a small cluster known as the ‘Local Group’ which contains about 15 members. Our galaxy ranks amongst the largest, biggest and the most massive known.

The Expanding UniVerse

The entire universe is now estimated to contain about 100,000,000,000 (100 Billion) galaxies. Between its Millions and Millions of stars each galaxy contains vast stretches of wide space. Matter exists in this near vacuum but is very thinly distributed. From the evidence, available it is believed that the universe is not of a fixed size but is constantly expanding outwards into space in all directions. This may be explained by the example of a baloon, the surface of which is marked with spots. Imagine the baloon to be the universe and the spots to be clusters of galaxies. When the baloon is inflated, it will become larger and larger as a result of which the distance between the spots i.e. the clusters of galaxies, will go on increasing. In a like manner the distant galaxies are receding from us at enormous speeds. It must be made clear, that our galaxy, like most others, belongs to a local cluster of galaxies, the components of which are not receding from each other, it is the distant clusters of galaxies which are receding away from our local cluster. The furthest away a cluster of galaxies is, the greater is its observed speed of recession. In fact, recently a very distant galaxy has been observed to be receding from us at nearly half the speed of light i.e. 93,000 miles per second, from the evidence available, it now appears to be extremely likely that even more distant galaxies are receding from us at the speed of light itself and therefore light from them can never reach us. This means that with all our scientific progress we may not be able to detect even objects of the sizes of galaxies, though they exist.

Our Journey in Space:

Summarily, we find that the moon revolves round the earth in nearly a month. The earth rotates about its axis in about 24 hours, causing day and night, in such a manner that a man sitting at any point on the equator travels at a speed of 1,041.41 miles per hour. The earth further revolves around the sun at an average speed of 66,000 miles per hour along with the moon and takes nearly 365 ¼ days i.e. one year to complete one revolution. The sun in turn rotates about its own axis and with the earth and other planets and their satellites, revolves around the common center of gravity of the galaxy (Milky Way) at a speed of about 720,000 miles per hour. Finally, various clusters of galaxies are receding away from each other at tremendous speeds.

This setup of the universe shakes the very power of human imagination. Bodies weighing billions and billions of tonnes, occupying volumes expressed in Millions of light years, raveling at speeds approaching that of light, could it be a self-styled universe inanimate bodies managing their own affairs and that too in such a grand and organised manner? This possibility is more unimaginable that the very setup of the universe. The unity in the organisation of the universe, the magnitude and the quality of affairs managed are sufficient to prove the existence of a Creator-Manager God, Who is at the helm of all affairs.

Thus, a person relaxing on an easy chair on the surface of the earth, apparently feeling himself to be at rest, is in fact travelling in a spaceship, the earth, unaware of the complicated paths, unaware of the tremendous speeds, even unaware of his very destination.

The seven systems of movements of the celestial bodies encountered in the universe are:

1. The movement of the satellite (moon) around the planet (earth).

2. The rotation of the planets (earth) about their own axes.

3. The revolution of the planets (earth) around a star (sun).

4. The rotation of the star (sun) about its own axis.

5. The revolution of the star (sun with its family of planets and satellites) about the common center of gravity of the galaxy (Milky Way).

6. The mutual movement of the galaxies within a local group of galaxies and

7. The outward movement of groups of galaxies in all directions (The Expanding Universe).

It is quite possible that the seven skies, layers, Orbits, ways referred to in Chapter: 2, Verse 29; Chapter: 23 Verse I7; Chapter: 67, Verse 3; and Chapter: 78, Verse 12; may be four different sets of things each containing seven items or they may all refer to only one set of seven items or they may refer to something which is beyond our present understanding. The word ‘Sawaun’ conveys the sense of equality, equilibrium, balance, etc. Its derivative ‘Istawa’ would therefore mean receiving or seeking equality, equilibrium, balance, etc. In the verse under discussion the subject is Allah, and Allah does not seek but gives or sets- In view of this background, this part of the verse has been translated as “Then He set the balance…..”

2-30

And when your Fosterer said to the angels {4}, “”I am going to make a successor in the earth.”” They said, “”Are you going to make (him, the successor) in it, who would act corruptly in it and shed blood, when we glorify You by praising You and exalt Your Holiness?”” He (Allah) replied, “”I know that which you do not know.””

” Angels who are the agencies carrying out the orders of Allah (SWT), were probably expecting that they would be made the successors or rulers of the earth. This expectation of theirs is indicated by their protest against their unexpected competitor man (mankind Chapter: 6. Verse 165) that he is or will be corrupt and he sheds or will shed blood, when they were informed by Allah (SWT) that He was going to make man the successor or ruler in the earth.’Yufsidu’and’Yasfiku’meaning’he is or will be corrupt’and’he sheds or will shed blood’respectively indicate both present and future tenses. If they are regarded as indicating present tense, then it means that many human beings existed along with Adam and Hawwa (PBT) and the angels used to watch them committing these crimes. Adam and Hawwa (PBT) were selected from among these human beings the present human beings are the children of Adam and Hawwa (PBT). We do not know what happened to the other human beings who lived along with Adam and Hawwa (PBT). If the above terms are regarded as indicating future tense, then one has to accept that the angels were given the knowledge of future behavior of the progeny of Adam and Hawwa (PBT) by Allah (SWT).

Angels’expectation of being made the successors of the earth is further indicated by their presentation of their qualification for this post that they are involved in glorification, praise and exalting the holiness of Allah (SWT), which also conveys the sense that they are always busy executing His orders, praising and making everything praise Him for the excellence of His creation and ascribing the credit of His creation only to Him excluding all others, i.e. regarding Him as Pure, He being the Creator and everything else His creation. Allah’s reply to this indirect protest and claim of the angels was that He knew that which they did not know. What was it that the angels did not know? Was it the human capability of receiving, storing in memory, reproducing and utilizing knowledge which was to be imparted to them by Allah (SWT)?

‘Basheer’ means an informer. Does the word ‘Bashar’ used for man (Chapter: 15 Verse 28) convey the sense that man will have the capacity of being a recipient and an informer of news, a news- giver? If we analyze our daily social contacts and our conversation with fellow human beings, most of the time we are either receiving information or passing out information to others. We act like information processing machines. Is it this capability of man which the angels had not known? Angels too receive and convey messages (pass on Knowledge as messengers Chapter: 35. Verse 1) but they do not appear to utilize knowledge. Contrary to this man appears to have the additional capability of utilizing the knowledge he receives, for his development and progress, the proof of which is his advancement in the fields of science and technology and the cause behind which is his control on and utilization of energies like, heat electricity, sound, magnetism, light etc.”

Energies:

Angels & Jinn: According to the Quran, angels, complying with the orders of Allah, communicate His messages, guard people, record their deeds, punish and help them, cause them to die, are responsible for natural calamities, are incharge of paradise and hell and descend for various other affairs. They thus appear to be involved in doing various works. In scientific terminology, work involves energy.

Allah alone knows their real forms and functions but the above facts tempt us to ponder over few possibilities: Are angels ‘beings’ put in charge of various energies by Allah?

The angels, according to the statement of prophet Muhammed (PBH) reported by Muslim, have been created from ‘Noor’ (Tafsir Ibni Kaseer, Quran, Chapter 18, Page 103, under explanatory notes). The word Noor, normally translated as light, could also mean radiant energy. Besides, the Arabic word ‘Malak’ translated as angel also conveys the sense of strength, power or energy.

The Quran, about the jinn states:

“And He (Allah) created the jinn from the (heat wave) let free from fire (Q. Chapter: 55, Verse 15.).

Something let free from fire, in the terminology of science, could mean infrared rays or heat energy.

Could the angels and the jinn be composed of some forms of radiant energy, whom we cannot perceive through our physical senses but who exist and exert their influence on us without our being conscious of them, just like X-rays, which penetrate the human flesh but do not impart any feeling to the human being concerned?

Does bowing down of angels before Adam, mean that Allah has Himself given human beings control over some of the energies and that the progress in science and technology is not the achievement of man but just a Divine gift?

2-31

And He taught Adam all names (a name normally indicates the purpose or use of a thing), then He presented them (things) before the angels and said, “”Inform Me of the names of these if you are right (in your objection to Adam being made the successor on earth).””

“The human capability of receiving, storing in memory and reproducing the stored knowledge by way of passing on information to others (as Bashar or news giver) was demonstrated before the angels by Allah (SWT), by teaching Adam (PBH) all names and later asking him to tell the angels all the names he was taught. This may be similar to teaching children the names of things they normally encounter, (like chair, table, fan etc). Later when we question them to tell the names of those things, they are normally able to tell us the names they had learnt earlier. As the child grows, from the name alone, he is able to tell the purpose of that particular thing. If we ask him what the purpose of a chair is he would reply that it is used for sitting. Improvement in knowledge is improvement in knowing the qualities and purposes of more and more things. The growth and development of mankind appears to be similar to the growth and development of a child to a mature adult. We thus see that the very first step in acquiring knowledge is learning names and this is inherent in mankind. When angels were asked to tell the names, they failed to do so probably because they are not designed for that purpose. They are thus proved wrong in their estimation of their capabilities and suppressed claim of being made the successors or rulers of the earth.”

2-32

They (angels) replied, “”Glory be to You, we do not have knowledge except of that which You taught us. You are certainly the Knowing, the Wise.””

Allah (SWT) had not taught the angels the names which He had taught to Adam (PBH). Therefore, they confessed that they had knowledge of only that which Allah (SWT) taught them which probably included the knowledge of the future behavior of mankind that they would be corrupt and would shed blood. They also accepted that He is the One Who knows and Who is Wise. This indicates that one should not comment on things of which he has no knowledge.

2-33

He (Allah) said, “”O Adam! inform them of the names of these (things),”” so when the (angels) were informed of the names of those (things), He said, “”Did I not tell you, that I know the unseen of the skies and the earth and I know that which you manifest and that which you hide?””

” Allah (SWT) first demonstrated the merit of Adam (PBH) and then asked the angels to bow down before him.”

2-34

And when We (Allah) said to the angels, “”Bow down before Adam,”” they bowed own except Iblis (The devil associated with Adam), he refused and considered himself great and (thus) became one of the infidels.

” Angels were asked to bow down before Adam (PBH) after balance was set up in his personality, a spirit from Allah (SWT) was blown into him which gave him the power of right decision (Chapter: 15 Verse 29) and he was taught all the names i.e. he was bestowed with the capability of acquiring and reproducing knowledge. Before these three events Adam (PBH) was probably not suitable for appointment as the successor of the earth. This indicates that a ruler should be balanced, he should have the power of right decision which he should exercise after acquiring correct knowledge.

Everything in the Universe, including the angels, bows down to Allah (SWT) (Chapter: 16 Verse 49), therefore the bowing down of angels before man appears to convey a different sense. The word ‘Malak’normally translated as ‘Angel’also conveys the sense of power, strength, energy, authority, control etc. In view of this’Malaik’i.e. angels, could be different energies or entities ‘In charge of various energies’. Therefore, bowing down of angels could be the bowing down of energies before mankind, i.e. Allah (SWT) made energies like light, heat, sound, electricity, magnetism etc subservient to mankind. This interpretation finds support in the fact that the basic factor behind human progress is the human control on energies. If energies are withdrawn from human control, the whole building of scientific and technological progress will collapse and the present human race would probably perish in no time. This human control on energies is not an achievement of mankind but a gift of Allah (SWT) to humanity when He had made the angels to bow down before Adam (PBH). In view of this ‘Khalifa’ meaning one who succeeds someone to rule’ would refer to mankind in general (Chapter: 6 Verse 165). Iblis is not an angel but a Jinn (Chapter: 18 Verse 50) yet he too was included in the order of Allah (SWT) to angels, for bowing down before Adam (PBH) and was questioned for his not bowing down (Chapter: 7 Verse 12). This further supports the interpretation that ‘Malaik’ refers to all energies or ‘In charges of energies’who were ordered to bow down or become subservient to mankind, they all did except Iblis, probably the ‘In charge of evil energy’. Iblis too appears to have been expecting that he would be made the successor of the earth as indicated from his statement. “You have removed me from the way,” (Chapter: 7 Verse 16). Probably the frustration of not being made the successor forced him to refuse to bow down before Adam (PBH) whom he regarded as inferior (Chapter: 7 Verse 12) and junior to him (Chapter: 15 Verse 27). Iblis considered himself great, which is the right only of Allah (SWT). He disobeyed Him and thereby became an infidel. Then he sought permission of Allah (SWT) to mislead human being (Chapter: 7 Verse 14) except His servants among them who would exclusively serve Him (Chapter: 15 Verses: 40 – 42), he was granted this permission (Chapter: 7 Verse 15, Chapter: 15 Verses: 37-38) but at the same time Allah (SWT) declared (Chapter: 38 Verse 85) that He will fill hell with him and his followers.”

2-35

And We said, “”O Adam! you and your wife, dwell in the garden, and eat from it freely (from) wherever you will, but do not go near this tree, because you will become one of those who are unjust.””

Now Hawwa (PBH) comes into the picture and Adam (PBH) is asked to live with her in the garden, freely eating the produce of the garden from wherever they liked. But both are warned not to go near a particular tree, the reason given for this prohibition is that if they eat from it they will become unjust. Adam and Hawwa (PBT) appear to have been either living elsewhere before the angels bowed down before Adam (PBT) because now they are asked to live in the garden with instructions not to eat from a particular tree Or they were living in the garden earlier too but without any prohibition.

2-36

But the devil made them slip from it and caused them both to be sent out from that (state) in which they were. And We said, “”Go down, some of you will be the enemies of others, and in the earth is the dwelling place for you and provision till a time.””

“The Devil by making Adam and Hawwa (PBT) forget the orders of Allah (Chapter: 20 Verse 115) and whispering to them (Chapter: 7 Verse 19) to eat from the prohibited tree of eternity to acquire a kingdom that has no downfall, to become angels and to become immortal (Chapter: 7 Verse 20, Chapter: 20 Verse 120) tempted them. Both fell into the trap of the devil and ate from the prohibited tree, though they were warned by Allah (SWT) that he is their enemy so let him not drive them both out of the garden so that they face distress (Chapter: 20 Verse 117). The result of eating from the prohibited tree was that their shame became manifest to them and they both began to cover themselves with the leaves of the garden. Probably, before eating from the prohibited tree, they too like the animals, were not conscious of shame. For this disobedience of theirs, though through the instigation of the devil, they were ordered to leave the garden. Adam’s (PBH) progeny, mankind too, often falls in to the trap of the devil which may be their genetic weakness. Iblis was the first to disobey the orders of Allah (SWT) by not doing that which he was ordered to do and Adam and Hawwa (PBT) were second in disobeying the orders of Allah (SWT) by doing that which they were ordered not to do. This helps us in defining sin:

1. Not doing that which you are ordered by Allah (SWT) to do. e.g. Not offering Salat and
2. Doing that which you are ordered by Allah (SWT) not to do Eg. Gambling.

The term ‘Ahbitu’ is plural not dual, meaning ‘you (more than two) go down’, i.e. Adam, Hawwa (PBT) and Iblis all the three were ordered to go down. If the garden was not on earth then ‘salsal’ (Chapter: 15 Verse 28), ‘Teen’ (Chapter: 17 Verse 61) meaning mud and clay from which Adam (PBH) was created belonged either to the earth or some extra-terrestrial place where Adam and Hawwa (PBT) lived before coming down to the earth.

The residence of mankind and Iblis, after leaving the garden was to be on earth where they would be provided for, till a time, but mankind would have mutual enemity, the proof of which are disputes, riots, battles, wars etc. among different groups of human beings.”

2-37

Then Adam received (some) words from his Fosterer, because He turned towards him (mercifully), He is certainly the Accepter of repentance, the Merciful.

Adam and Hawwa (PBT) realizing their mistake of disobeying Allah (SWT) and accepting that they were unjust to themselves as warned by Him earlier, prayed to Him for forgiveness and mercy (Chapter: 7 Verse 23) but Iblis did not do so. Allah (SWT) accepted their repentance and turned to them mercifully because He is the Accepter of repentance, the Merciful and communicated some words of guidance to Adam (PBH):-

2-38

We said, “”All of you go down from here, so whenever guidance comes to you from Me, then whoever follows My guidance, then (as a result of this) there will neither be any fear on them nor will they grieve.

“All of you go down from here, so whenever guidance comes to you from Me (through various messengers to be sent later) then whoever follows My guidance (by obeying the instructions of the messenger sent to them) then (as a result of this) there will neither be any fear on them nor will they grieve. Fear normally pertains to future and grief to some unpleasant past event. Those who follow the guidance of Allah (SWT) will have a fearless future in paradise with no grief or regret for the past life on earth, probably because all their sins’would have been forgiven by Allah (SWT). Adam and Hawwa (PBT) were sent out of the garden though their repentance was accepted (Chapter: 2 Verses: 37-38). After eating from the prohibited tree, which was the apparent cause for their shame becoming manifest to them they were probably not in a condition which was suitable for residence in the garden”

2-39

And those who do not believe and deny Our signs {5}, those will be the inhabitants of the fire, in it they will stay.”” (R 4)

” And those who do not believe in or reject the message of Allah (SWT) by not implementing it in their lives, are the deniers and they will be the inhabitants of the fire which is just the opposite of the pleasant environment of the garden (paradise), and they will remain there in the fire till Allah (SWT) wills. (Chapter: 6 Verse 129). There appear to be two claimants to the post of the ‘Successor of the earth:’

1. Angels on the basis of worship and work compared to mankind’s corruption and bloodshed and
2. Iblis on his presumed basis of superiority and seniority over Adam (PBH). But Allah (SWT) selected mankind on their merit bestowed by Him!

a) balance,
b) power of correct decision and
c) utilization of knowledge for their own progress which capacity the angels and Iblis do not appear to posses.”

Ayat:

The word Ayat means an apparent sign or mark, it is also used for the communication from Allah in the form of statements or verses of the Quran and sometimes for miracles performed by messengers of Allah. A sign indicates the presence of something. The sign of a red bulb at the clinic of a doctor indicates the presence of the doctor. Similarly, the innumerable signs (Ayats) in the universe, the miracles performed by the messengers of Allah and the statements or verses of the Quran due to their truth, prove the presence of Allah. At many places in the Quran, we are not sure, in which of the three senses, the word Ayat is used.