9-101
And from among those around you of the desert Arabs, there are hypocrites and from among the people of Madina (also, there are those who) persist in hypocrisy, you do not know them, We know them. We will punish them twice, then they will be turned back to a great punishment.
The third punishment will be in the hereafter but one of the two preceding punishments could be in the grave, the first being the punishment in the life of this world itself and this will be for the hypocrites. Punishment in the grave is mentioned in many sayings of our Prophet (PBH).
9-102
And (there are) others who have acknowledged their sins, they have mixed a righteous deed with another which was bad. It may be that Allah will turn to them (mercifully), Allah is certainly Protectively Forgiving, Merciful.
There are some people who mix-up good with evil but acknowledge their sins, therefore Allah (SWT) may forgive them i.e. sins may be forgiven if the mistake is accepted. Instructions are given regarding such people. There are others whose case is not yet decided. These two groups had not gone out with the Muslims to Tabuk.
9-107
And there are those who chose the mosque to cause harm and for infidelity and to cause disunity among the believers and as a place where one who warred against Allah and His messenger earlier, could watchfully wait; and they will definitely swear, “”We intend nothing but good,”” but Allah bears witness that they are liars.
Some hypocrites had built a Mosque near the Masjid-i-Quba for the purpose mentioned in Verse:107. Instructions are given not to stand in that Mosque which was later demolished. The Mosque founded for guarding against evil, according to some authorities refers to Masjid-i-Nabwi while others include Masjid- i-Quba too which was the first Mosque built in Madina after the arrival of Prophet Muhammed (PBH) from Makkah.
9-111
Allah has certainly purchased from the believers, their lives and their wealth (and in return) for that there is the garden for them, they fight in the way of Allah so that they kill and are killed. A promise made by Him in truth through the Torah and the Injeel and the Quran. And who (can) fulfill his agreement better than Allah? So rejoice in your trade which you have traded (with Allah) and that is a great achievement.
The qualities of believers who will be rewarded with paradise are described.
9-113
It is not (fit) for the prophet and those who believe that they should ask for the protective forgiveness for the polytheists even though they be relatives, after it has become clear to them that they are inhabitants of hell.
Protective forgiveness should not be sought for the polytheists. Ibrahim (PBH) had done this for his father because he had promised to do so but later he declared himself free of his father.
9-115
And it is not (the practice) of Allah to mislead a people after He has guided them to the extent of His making clear to them that which they should guard (against). Allah is certainly the Knower of everything.
Allah (SWT) does not mislead people after having guided them.
9-116
The kingdom of the skies and the earth is certainly Allahs. He brings to life and causes to die, and besides Allah there is neither a guardian nor a helper for you.
Everything belongs to Allah (SWT) and no one else, He it is Who brings to life and causes death and He is the only Guardian and Helper
9-117
Allah has turned (mercifully) to the prophet and the immigrants (from Makkah) and the helpers (of these immigrants at Madina) who followed him during the period of hardship, after the hearts of a party from among them had almost deviated, then He turned to them (mercifully), to them He is certainly full of pity, Merciful,
Three companions of the Prophet (PBH) did not accompany him on the expedition of Tabuk and there was no valid reason for their remaining at Madina. These were Kaab bin Malik, Halal bin Umayya and Mararah bin Rabi. They were socially cut off from the rest of the community for fifty days as a punishment, after which Allah (SWT) forgive them.
9-118
and to the three who were left behind {4} (from going to the battle and whose condition became bad) to the extent that the earth, inspite of its spaciousness, became constrained on them and their souls (too) became constrained on them and they thought that there is no refuge from Allah except (in going) to Him. Then He turned to them (mercifully) that they may repent, Allah is certainly the Accepter of repentance, the Merciful. (R 14)
“Same to Verse No.117”
The three left behind during the expedition of Tabuk were Kab bin Malik, Halal bin Umayya and Mararah bin Rabi, they were all from Madina. Because they had not gone with the army of the Muslims they were cut off from the community for fifty days after which Allah finally forgive them.
9-119
O you who believe! fear Allah and be with those who are truthful.
Believers are advised to fear Allah (SWT) and be in the company of the truthful.
9-120
It did not befit the people of Madina and those around them of the desert Arabs to stay behind (refusing to go with) the messenger of Allah nor to prefer their own lives to his life. That is because there does not afflict them thirst or fatigue or hunger in the way of Allah nor do they tread a path which angers the infidels nor do they receive from their enemy whatever they receive, but a righteous deed is recorded for them thereof. Allah certainly does not waste the reward of the doers of good,
Believers who go out fighting in the cause of Allah (SWT) are rewarded many times more than all the efforts they put in.