8-40
but if they turn back then know that Allah is certainly your Guardian, Excellent is He (as) the Guardian and Excellent is He (as) the Helper. (P 9)
“Same to Verse No.31”
Al-Anfal (The Spoils of War)
8-41
And know that whatever you take as spoils of war, a fifth of it is for Allah and the messenger and for those who are relatives and the orphans and the poor and the wayfarer, if you believe in Allah and that which We sent down on Our servant on the day of distinction, the day the two parties met (at Badr), and Allah has power over everything,
A broad principle for the distribution of the booty of war is layed down and the purpose of giving their respective positions to the Muslims and the infidels during the battle of Badr is revealed: Those who died and those who lived, both witnessed the Victory of Muslims at Badr as a clear proof of the help of Allah (SWT) to the Muslims.
8-42
when you were on the nearer side (of the valley) and they were on the further side and the caravan was on your lower side, and if you had made a mutual appointment, you would have gone against the appointment, but (this arrangement was made) in order that Allah may accomplish an affair which was to be executed : that he who perished might perish (being involved) in a clear proof and he who survived might live (after having been involved) in a clear proof, and Allah is certainly One Who hears, knows.
“Same to Verse No.41”
8-43
And (remember) when Allah showed them less in your dream, and had He showed them numerous you would have become weak hearted and you would have disputed about the affair, but Allah kept you safe, He is certainly the Knower of that which is in the hearts,
The Muslims must have seen 626 infidels instead of 313 because in 3:13 it is stated that they saw twice their number, still it was less than their actual number. Muslims seeing lesser number of infidels must have been encouraged but infidels must have felt miserable to have been defeated by a very less number of Muslims.
8-44
and when He showed them to you less in your eyes when you met (them) and He made you to appear less in their eyes, in order that Allah may accomplish an affair which was to be executed and to Allah are (all) affairs returned. (R 5)
“Same to Verse No.43”
8-45
O you who believe! when you meet a group (of enemies) then be firm and remember Allah much that you may be successful.
Believers are ordered to keep Allah (SWT) in mind when they meet their enemies, not to boast or show off but to obey Allah (SWT) and His messenger (PBH). Mutual dispute is a major reason for weakness.
8-46
And obey Allah and His messenger and do not dispute lest you become weak hearted and your strength departs, and be patient, Allah is certainly with those who are patient.
“Same to Verse No.45”
8-47
And do not be like those who came out of their houses boastfully and to be seen by people and (who) turn away (people) from the way of Allah, and Allah is the Encompasser of what they do.
“Same to Verse No.45”
8-48
And when the devil made their deeds fair seeming to them and said, “”No human being can overcome you this day and I am certainly your protector.”” But when the two groups came in sight of each other he turned upon his heels saying, “” I am free of you, I see that which you do not see, I certainly fear Allah, and Allah is severe in requiting (evil).”” (R 6)
“Same to Verse No.45”
8-49
When the hypocrites and those in whose hearts was a disease said, “”Their religion has deceived them.”” And whoever trusts in Allah then (he will find that) Allah is certainly Mighty, Wise.
“Same to Verse No.45”
8-50
And if you could (only) see, when the angels take back (cause to die) those who do not believe, striking their faces and their backs and (saying), “”Taste the punishment of burning.
The horrible manner in which the angels will cause the infidels to die is described and the reason for such a treatment is given.
8-51
That is because of what your hands have sent before, and (know) that Allah is not unjust to the servants.””
“Same to Verse No.50”
8-52
The manner of the people of Firawn and those before them was such that they had not believed in the signs of Allah so Allah caught them for their sins, Allah is certainly Strong, Severe in requiting (evil).
Earlier generations were punished because they rejected the Divine message and were involved in sins. Allah (SWT) changes His grace to punishment when people change their belief to infidelity. The infidels are regarded as the worst creatures and their habit of breaking agreements is high-lighted. Muslims are ordered to throw back their agreements if they fear betrayal and to punish them in such a manner that their later generations too should be cautious remembering the consequence of their forefathers.
8-53
That is because Allah does not change the grace with which He has favoured a people until they change that which is in their souls and because Allah is Hearing, Knowing.
“Same to Verse No.52”
8-54
The manner of the people of Firawn and those before them was such that they had denied the signs of their Fosterer so We destroyed them for their sins and drowned the people of Firawn and they were all unjust.
“Same to Verse No.52”
8-55
With Allah, the worst of moving creatures are certainly those who do not believe, so they will not believe (in future too),
“Same to Verse No.52”
8-56
those of them with whom, whenever you make an agreement, then every time they break their agreement, and they do not guard (against evil).
“Same to Verse No.52”
8-57
Then if you dominate them in war, disperse them (in such a manner that) those who succeed (them not being present with) them, they (too) may be mindful.
“Same to Verse No.52”
8-58
And if you fear betrayal from a people then throw back to them (their agreement) on equal terms, Allah certainly does not love those who betray. (R 7)
“Same to Verse No.52”
8-59
And do not let those who do not believe suppose that they will win, they certainly cannot defeat (Allah).
Infidels cannot defeat Allah (SWT) Who punishes them through natural calamities or the believers, therefore believers are ordered to be prepared for defending or fighting their enemies, but if they incline towards peace, believers are ordered that they too should offer peace.