2-180
Bequest is prescribed for you, when (any) one of you faces death, (and) if he leaves (behind) goods (property & wealth), that he bequest in favour of parents and relatives according to recognised (good procedure. That is) incumbent on those who guard (against evil).
“Details of Islamic laws of inheritance are given in Chapter: 4 Verses: 11,12 and 177, which cover the shares of parents and other near relatives. In the presence of these well-defined laws, order for execution of a will in favour of parents and relatives needs a thorough understanding because no Muslim should execute a will superceding the Islamic law of inheritance as this would amount to rejecting the orders of Allah (SWT) and His messenger (PBH). Muslims all over the world reside in Islamic as well as non – Islamic States. If a Muslim possessing property and wealth dies in a non-Islamic state, then his or her heirs may get their share in accordance with the laws of inheritance of that particular non – Islamic state. But if he leaves a will to distribute his property and wealth in accordance with the Islamic laws of inheritance, then the law enforcing authority might do so. It is possible that these two verses of the Quran refer to such wills to be executed by Muslims in a non – Islamic State. The heir or heirs who have an advantage if the property and wealth were distributed according to the law of that non – Islamic State may make an effort to change the will and if they do so then the sin will be on them. But if there is any injustice in the will i.e. if it is not in accordance with the Islamic laws of inheritance, then a reconciliation can be effected between the concerned parties. “
2-183
O you who believe! fasting is prescribed for you as it was prescribed for those before you, that you may guard (against evil),
“The purpose of fasting is to train oneself to keep away from sin fearing Allah (SWT), Muslims are required to fast throughout the month of Ramadan. Those who are sick or on a journey during this month should fast for the missed number of days later. This concession is given to avoid hardship. If it is very difficult for a person to fast he can instead feed a poor person but one should know that in good health when one is not on journey it is better to fast. Any good act is to be done willingly and not as a compulsion. It was during the month of Ramadan that the Quran was revealed for the guidance of mankind. The Quran contains clear explanations and distinction between right and wrong. Fasting during the month of Ramadan appears to be an expression of our gratitude to Allah (SWT) for sending down the Quran which guides to the path of paradise and helps in keeping away from the path of hell. Muslims fast during the days and pray during the nights of Ramadan therefore they are appropriately informed under this subject itself that Allah (SWT) is so near to them that He listens and responds to their prayer therefore they too should respond to Him by believing in Him i.e. accepting Him as the only All powerful supreme Authority so that again in response to this acceptance He guides them to the right path leading to paradise. Muslims were prohibited to approach their wives even during the nights of Ramadan, but some Muslims were violating this prohibition. They are now permitted to approach their wives during the nights. They are prohibited to approach them during the period they stay in the Mosques for Itikaaf.”
2-188
And do not swallow up your wealth among yourselves by false means nor present it to the judges (officials, as bribe), so as to sinfully swallow up part of the wealth of other people, when you do know it. (R 23)
“Cheating people in financial matters and bribing officials for swallowing other people’s wealth are prohibited.”
2-189
They ask you about the new moons, say “”They are (for the determination of) times for the (affairs of) human beings and the pilgrimage. And it is not righteousness that you enter the houses from their backs (while in pilgrims dress), but righteous is he who guards (against evil). And enter the houses from their proper doors and fear Allah that you may be successful.
“The Lunar calendar is to be followed in all human affairs and fixing the dates of pilgrimage (Hajj). It is reported that people used to perform pilgrimage even before it was ordained for the followers of Prophet Muhammed (PBH) and during those early days, while in the pilgrim’s dress, they used to enter their own houses by climbing walls and not from the front door. This they regarded as a righteous act. Allah (SWT) orders to give up this superstitious act and to enter houses from their proper doors, clarifying that righteous is he who keeps away from sin fearing Him that he may be successful.”
2-190
And fight in the way of Allah those who fight with you, but do not exceed the limits, Allah certainly does not like those who exceed the limits.
“Orders are given to fight with the polytheists of Makkah who had forced the Muslims to migrate to Abyssinia and Madina, in case they initiated fighting with them. This fighting was to be only in the cause of Allah (SWT) without exceeding the limits (probably by not killing women, children and the aged). The polytheists of Makkah were to be killed wherever they were found because earlier they had tortured the Muslims at Makkah and forced them to migrate. The polytheists were to be driven out of Makkah as they had driven out the Muslims from Makkah because persecution is severer than slaughter. Fighting is prohibited in the Sacred Mosque till the enemy initiates it but if the enemy desists from fighting there, then Allah (SWT) is protectively Forgiving and Merciful. Muslims were ordered to fight with the polytheists of Makkah till there was no persecution and religion was established to serve and worship only Allah (SWT) i.e. till Islam had prevailed. If the enemy had desisted, then there was to be no hostility except against the unjust. Fighting was prohibited during four months Zul Qaad, Zul Hajj, Muharram and Rajab considered sacred. But if the enemy had violated the sanctity of sacred things Muslims were permitted to fight even in these months. The simple rule was laid down that if the enemy exceeded the limits against you then you too exceed the limits against them in a similar manner. Muslims are ordered to fear Allah (SWT) because He is with those who keep away from sin fearing Him and He does not like those who exceed the limits. Battles and wars involve expenditure therefore Muslims are ordered to spend in the cause of Allah which is a good act, and not to destroy themselves by not spending. Allah (SWT) loves the doers of good.”
2-195
And spend in the way of Allah, and do not make your own hands (responsible) for (your) destruction, and do good, Allah certainly loves the doers of good.
“Details of the procedure of Hajj are given. It may be noted that the purpose of offering Salat is to remember Allah (SWT), fasting is for training oneself for guarding against evil fearing Allah (SWT), Zakat and charity are for the uplift of the poor but performance of Hajj and Umrah is only for the sake of Allah (SWT) (For more details see Chapter: 22 Verses: 25 – 37) In verses 200 to 202 the benefits of the life of this world are compared with those of the hereafter. Those who pray only for the benefits of this world will have no portion in the hereafter and those who pray for good in this world as well as in the hereafter and safety from the fire of hell, they will be rewarded in accordance with that which they earned or worked for, in this world i.e. if they had strived to receive good in this world itself they will be rewarded for that and if they had strived to earn good for being rewarded in the hereafter they will be rewarded accordingly because Allah (SWT) is Quick at settling accounts.”
